Observing a worship service In APA Style Essay Example for Free

Observing a worship service In APA Style Essay Sanatana Dharma (Hinduism) encompasses a broad variety of beliefs and practices, not all of which are shared by all Hindus, and many of which actually contradict each other. It is probably unique among the religions of the world in its tolerance of diversity. It is a completely decentralized religion, with no hierarchy of clergy and so supreme authority. It had no single founder whose teachings have been propagated by his disciples. Although most of the basic beliefs of Hinduism achieved their present term about the time of Christ, the roots of the religion are much older; some of the same gods worshiped by Hindus were being worshiped by their ancestors nearly 4, 000 years ago. As Hinduism developed, it continually absorbed and reinterpreted the beliefs and practices of the different peoples with whom it came into contact. The church named Masjid Al-Rahim performs five times daily prayers and may gather on Friday as the major assemble of believers for the week. Actually they have ten types of worship and some of these are performed as a group or individually and sometimes both. What is good on this is that Hindus can perform it in the temple or at home whatever they want to. The worship service is called arti which means â€Å"a greeting celebration with a lamp† and each of them will worship Tulsi by walking around her as part of the ritual and each one of them will have a kirtan. Afterwards, an individual will join with other believers or devotees for the meditation for their beads called japa. They have more than one priest that performs the rituals and the priests dressed the deities according to their day-to-day outfits. In a while, after the priests dressed these deities, the curtains will open and the congregation will greet them with an arti. Next to this is the guru-puja. It is a time in which the congregation has the chance to offer different flowers to their spiritual leader. After this, one of the priests will sing a song called bhajan and gives a sermon to the congregation as part of their worship service. The congregation also has the chance to raise questions to the priest regarding the spiritual life at the end of the sermon. Moreover, According to them, they have 10 important holidays that are carefully observed but actually only gave me five out of ten which are the most important ones and these are the Diwali which is celebrated from September to October, Holi and Mahashivaratri (two different festivals but celebrated from February to March), the birthday celebration of Lord Rama during the month of April, Kumbh Mela happens during the months of July to August which is a kind of pilgrimage to India. In addition, they said that their religion helps them to direct their lives especially in making their decisions. It helps them shape their characters as good believers and have strong belief with their gods. There are times that other people may misunderstand on what they believe in and this challenges most of them because it will enable and push them to share on what they believe and convince others that there religion has so much to offer beyond everyone’s comprehension. Also, showing good conducts to others is one of their challenges too because their present actions also determine their future lives after they died and will be reborn. For most of the believers, they believe that earthly existence in the present depends on their past lives. The fortunes of the soul in each rebirth are determined by its behavior in former lives. This law of karma states that no sin ever goes unpunished and no virtue remains unrewarded; if a man does not receive punishment or reward in this life, he will in some succeeding life. By his behavior a man determines whether his rebirth will be a higher station or lower, whether he will be reborn as a man, as a god, or as the lowest insect. Furthermore, they said that it didn’t matter with them if their religion is called Sanatana Dharma or Hinduism because there is no much difference in their practices and beliefs thus they believe in the same gods although may differ in practices to some degrees. In addition, the names or titles for their religion are just an identification that they believe in Hinduism. In Hinduism, men and women have different functions. The women’s role is important in upholding the social and cultural values of the family and they are not given much attention with regards to their education on the other hand, men’s roles are to take care of the family and his wife and must be respectful and show affections to relatives.

Tragic Irony in Shakespeares Macbeth :: Free Essay Writer

The Tragic Irony of Macbeth  Ã‚   There are many types of irony used in Macbeth. Without the irony, the tragedy would not be quite so tragic. One type of irony used in Macbeth is verbal irony. This is when a character says one thing and means the opposite. Examples of this are when Macbeth says to Banquo, â€Å"Tonight we hold a solemn supper, sir, And I’ll request your presence (III, i, 13-14)† or when he says â€Å"Fail not our feast (III, i, 28).† Verbal irony makes the play more tragic because, if the reader understands the irony of what a character is saying, then the reader can see the true nature and intentions of the character. Another type of irony Shakespeare used is the irony of a situation. This is when the results of an action or event are different than what is expected. One example is when Macduff is speaking with Malcolm about the tragedies in Scotland, not knowing that his family has been murdered. He says: â€Å"Let us rather Hold fast the mortal sword, and like good men Bestride our down-fall’n birthdom. Each new morn New widows howl, new orphans cry, new sorrows Strike heaven on the face, that it resounds As if it felt with Scotland and yelled out Like syllable of dolor (IV, iii, 4-7).† Macduff, ironically, is remarking on new widows howling, not aware of the fact that he is a widower. This presents a great deal of irony to the reader, as well as a tragic situation. Dramatic irony is also used in Macbeth. This type of irony is when there is a contradiction between what characters of the play do, and what the reader knows will happen. In Macbeth, an example is the pleasantry with which Duncan, the King, speaks of Inverness. This pleasantry is a facade, because little does Duncan know, but the plot to murder him is being hatched and will be carried out here at Inverness. How ironic for the reader, and how tragic, to hear Duncan say: â€Å"This castle hath a pleasant seat; the air Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself Unto our gentle senses. (I, iv, 1-3).† Finally, irony of Fate is used. This is when a result defeats the purpose of an event. For example, because of Macbeth’s reaction to seeing Banquo’s ghost in Act III scene iv is so dramatic and violent, he casts suspicion onto himself, instead of gaining

Advantages and Disadvantages of Private Prisons and Jails Essay

In the United States, prison overcrowding and budget cuts within the criminal justice system have lead to an increase in the need and the development of private prisons and jails. According to Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. (2010), â€Å"A private prison is a place in which individuals are physically confined by a third party that is contracted by a local, state, or federal government agency. Private prison companies typically enter into contractual agreements with local, state, or federal governments that commit prisoners and then pay a per diem or monthly rate for each prisoner confined in the facility† (Private Prisons, para. ). There are several advantages and disadvantages to private prisons and jails, as well as conflict. The government believes that contracting with reputable private firms is one way to cut cost in prisons and eliminate overcrowding. Studies have shown that private prison construction is 24% lower than state built systems (Reed, 2003). Along with cutting cost, a private facility will allow the government to increase housing capacities at a rapid rate. For example in Houston, Texas; a new Immigration and Naturalization Service facility was estimated to cost $26,000 per bed and built in 30 months through government construction (Reed, 2003). A private firm did the job at $14,000 per bed and took less than six months to build (Reed, 2003). With the cost of construction being decreased and time saved, overcrowding was also reduced. Private facilities can offer officials powerful tools to ensure good conduct (Segal, 2001). Private contracts can be a powerful tool against the abuse of authority. An effective performance-based facility will reward private firms for providing the care public officials require, and penalize firms for breaking such contract (Segal, 2001). Private firms can offer states more flexibility in planning and designing (Reed, 2003). A private firm will be forced to make the public’s safety and inmate’s treatment at a high priority to avoid negative attention. Many private prison and jail contracts specify a daily rate of reimbursements per prisoner. The private operator and the state would select a location where, the prison can be expanded if need be. The operation of a private facility could be managed by statutory authority, which is a nongovernmental unit, or public trust, pursuant to a contract with the United States. The statutory Authority could grant housing care and control of a minimum or medium security level prison owned or operated by a contractor (G.  J, 1998). Some disadvantages to privatizing prisons and jails are the deprivation of physical liberties and that the private sector would gain financially. When financial gain becomes the motive for operation the prison, competition begins and the quality of operation and care decreases. When quality decreases problems arise. The focus is lost and decreasing the operations of the prison can increase. With privatizing prisons the risk is run that companies may cut corners, make careless mistakes, and be understaffed. An understaffed prison presents a high risk for the officers as well as inmates and public safety in the event of an escape. One should ask will the private officers receive the same quality of training that government certified guards receive. Privately run prisons and jails will not provide the same quality of accountability in securing the surrounding communities. By privatizing the profit margin compromises public safety. Whether a prison is privately or publicly run one could identify advantages and disadvantages socially and logistically. Some believe by privatizing a prison a decline in new inmates would occur. This belief is based on the fact that private prisons would not offer the luxuries of public prisons. For example, public prisons and jails are governed by regulations to provide quality mental and medical care for the inmates. Inmates in public prisons are afforded a library, college educations, and many other amenities he or she could not afford on his or her own. Therefore many inmates consider public prison a vacation to obtain secured housing during different seasons as well as an opportunity to obtain quality medical care when he or she needs it. Today there are various debates concerning safeguarding a prisoner’s constitutional protected rights, and the states authority to abide by those rights in order to protect the state’s and citizen’s interest. The concern of the prisoner is that they are entitled to rights whether they are convicted offenders or suspected offenders. These rights include due process and everyone accused or found guilty beyond a reasonable doubt has such rights under the constitution of the United States. Contrary to this is the public interest as well as the state and policy makers that must abridge to make their state more efficient to serve public interest. One must understand that people make mistakes and are still held accountable for their actions. Even more so if one commits a crime, such as capital murder, rape, armed robbery, etc. they are breaking state and moral laws. Offenders that commit such crimes are all given due process and are entitled to a fair trial. If an offender found guilty and sentenced to prison, some constitutional rights should not be violated. However, there are rights that must be taken away. The first right taken is their freedom, which means that they will be incarcerated behind bars until their sentence is complete. This is the punishment itself; however, when some rights are taken away by the government then it becomes a violation under the constitutional law. When prisoners are in incarcerated they retain the right to humane treatment and have their basic needs fulfilled, regardless of their crimes. Prisons under state law must provide medical care for offenders, as well as making sure that they are in good health and are getting medical attention. Individuals that are incarcerated also have other rights in prisons that must be met some of these rights include, the right not to be punished cruelly or unusually, the rights to administrative appeals, the right to practice religion freely, the right to medical treatment (both long and short term), and the right to personal property such as: cigarettes, stationary, a watch, cosmetics, and snack food. Medical treatment includes treatment for diseases such as, cancer, HIV, TB, heart problems, high blood pressure, and other medical conditions one may encounter. The United States must obey by these rules to provide medical care, according to Fellner (2010): The first of the eleven principles in the United Nation’s (UN) Basic Principles for the Treatment of Prisoners states: All prisoners shall be treated with the respect due to their inherent dignity and value as human beings. † Respect for the dignity of patients is, of course, also central to medical ethics. For example, the code of ethics of the World Medical Association states that physicians shall be â€Å"dedicated to providing competent medical service†¦ with compassion and respect for human dignity† (para. 5). Throughout the United States prisons and jails carry out their duties in order to have public appeal and serve in favor of the public interest. One must recognize that the states and policy makers must provide protection against prisoners even while they are incarcerated. Although prisoners have rights some are lost in order to maintain order in prisons, discipline, and security. These behaviors include fighting with other inmates, disrespecting correctional officers, and involvement in illegal activity. The state must run an institution that is not only fair but that does not accept inappropriate behavior. Inmates that are convicted have a term to serve and must look at the prison lifestyle as a punishment, thus showing the outside world the consequences when a crime is committed. When an offender is convicted for a felony crime he or she loses rights that we abuse such the right vote and serve in political office. The outcome varies by state. The fact remains that even after an inmate has served his or her time in prison, they will continue to have state and public interest in their way to fall full a normal life as they are labeled with a stigma. The government has the right to protect its citizens from all that may be in the best interest of the people and states. According to Law. Jrank. org (n. d. ): With respect to the states, the Tenth Amendment provides that â€Å"[t]he powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. † In other words, the states retain their â€Å"police power† to enact laws for the health, safety, and welfare of their citizens (Present-Day Relationship between National Government & States, para. ). There are many remedies to the conflict of deriving from private prisons and jails. Remedies depend upon personal opinion and public interest. Politicians for the most part argue that private prisons and jails are an extra expenditure that the governments can do away with. In contrast, a political view may that not having to build new facilities can save money. A civilian employee working within the corrections system may argue that the staff at a private facility may not be trained as efficiently as one trained by the state or county. This can be combated if governments adopt a policy such as that used in the State of Florida. All state corrections officers whether employed at a public or private facility receive the same training at a state accredited correctional training facility, overseen by the Florida Department of Law Enforcement. The conflict of most concern would be the rights of prisoners; How to maintain an orderly correctional facility and not impede on the Constitutional rights of inmates. In all facilities the civil rights of inmates are an issue. It is all too easy to violate the civil rights of an inmate. To remedy this conflict facility administration need to ensure that their staff is aware of the limited rights of inmates as well as the consequences for the violation of those rights. In conclusion, the use of private prisons and jails come with advantages and disadvantages as does anything. The use of such facilities can save governments money. The use of the same such facilities can raise concern. The public safety and the fair treatment of prisoners is the ultimate goal and should be considered at all costs.

Differences in Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation between Manufacturing and Services Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Supply chain management may be defined as the management of the different flows in a supply chain with a view to improving the long term performance of the individual firms and the supply chain as a whole. As is evident from the definition itself, the flow of information is vital to the functioning of a supply chain. Without information relayed at the right time to the right place, the whole supply chain would come to a standstill. Hence information technology, which enables information flow within a firm, between firms, and across the supply chain, goes a long way towards ensuring effective and efficient supply chain management. As stated earlier, firms could develop more effective supply chain information systems if they first developed effective intrafirm information systems. Some of the common examples of such systems are Warehouse management systems (WMS), transportation management systems (TMS), Decision support systems (DSS), Intranet and Enterprise resource planning systems (ERP). Intrafirm applications: These are concepts and techniques which have benefited greatly through the advances in intrafirm information systems and technology. The main applications of Intra-firm information systems are Materials requirement planning (MRP) and Distribution requirements planning (DRP). We will write a custom essay sample on Differences in Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation between Manufacturing and Services or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now They permit information flow between the focal firm and its suppliers and/or customers. The increasingly uncertain business environment has seen the growth of inter-firm information technology. These systems eliminate stagnant pools of inventory and duplicate service operations. Some of the important inter-firm systems are EDI, Internet, etc. The major applications which benefit from Information systems technology that goes beyond the firm are Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing and Cross-docking. Subsequent to achieve functional integration within the supply chain, information technology that manages product flow, information flow and cash flow from end to end is indispensable.